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Acceptable medical reasons for use of breast-milk substitutes A list of acceptable medical reasons for supplementation was originally developed by WHO and UNICEF as an annex to the Baby-friendly Hospital Initiative (BFHI) package of tools in 1992. WHO and UNICEF agreed to update the list of medical reasons given that new scientific evidence had emerged since 1992, and that the BFHI package of tools was also being... Published in 2009, by |
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Behaviour Change Communication in Emergencies Provides the means to prepare, plan, implement and monitor behaviour change communication initiatives supporting health, hygiene and child protection efforts in emergencies, including IFE issues. For programme managers from UNICEF, United Nations agencies, NGO partners and government personnel. Published in 2006, by |
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Breastfeeding Counselling: A Training Course Designed to provide health workers with the clinical and interpersonal skills needed to support mothers and their children to breastfeed optimally. It includes guides for the course director and trainers, a participant’s manual, a booklet with overhead figures, a slide book and annexes. The materials are designed to make it possible for trainers even with... Published in 1993, by |
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El VIH y la alimentación infantil - Pautas para tomadores de decisiones El propósito de esta publicación es proveer pautas para los tomadores de decisiones sobre temas que necesitan ser considerados en cuanto a la alimentación de lactantes y de niños pequeños en el contexto del VIH y enfatizar áreas de atención especial en las que es necesario tomar decisiones normativas a nivel local. Published in 2003, by |
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El VIH y la alimentación infantil - Una guía para gerentes y supervisores de la atención en salud Los propósitos de esta publicación son proporcionar pautas para gerentes y supervisores de la atención en salud sobre temas relacionados a la alimentación de lactantes y niños pequeños en el contexto del VIH y enfatizar áreas de interés especial para la organización de servicios. Published in 2003, by |
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Facts for Feeding - Birth, Initiation of Breastfeeding, and the First Seven Days after Birth Identifies actions health care providers can take during the first week postpartum to help the mother and baby establish and maintain good breastfeeding practices. Published in 2003, by |
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Facts for Feeding - Breastmilk: A Critical Source of Vitamin A for Infants and Young Children Recommends national, community, and household level practices to improve vitamin A status of infants, young children, and pregnant and lactating women. Published in 2001, by |
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Facts for Feeding - Guidelines for Appropriate Complementary Feeding of Breastfed Children 6-24 month of age Provides feeding guidelines for children 6 to 24 months of age Published in 2004, by |
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Facts for Feeding - Recommended Practices to Improve Infant Nutrition during the First Six Months Provides infant feeding guidelines for the first six months of life. Provides guidelines for activities appropriate to local conditions. Published in 2004, by |
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FAQ - Breastfeeding and HIV/AIDS Reviews the latest information on the transmission of HIV via breastfeeding and provides programmatic guidance for field activities. Published in 2004, by |
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FAQ - Breastfeeding and Maternal Nutrition Focuses on the impact of maternal nutrition on breastmilk quantity and quality, the nutritional requirements of lactating women, the impact of breastfeeding on maternal health, and implications of this information for programs. Published in 2004, by |
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FAQ - Exclusive Breastfeeding: The Only Water Source Young Infants Need Discusses the nutritional and health consequences of giving infants water during the first six months, and the role of breastfeeding in meeting an infant’s water requirements Published in 2004, by |
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FAQ - Mother to Mother Support for Breastfeeding Focuses on a support group method where experienced breastfeeding mothers model optimal breastfeeding practices, share information and experiences, and offer support to other women in an atmosphere of trust and respect Published in 2004, by |
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Global Health Risks: Mortality and burden of disease attributable to selected major risks This World Health Organization report states that the leading global risks for mortality in the world are high blood pressure (responsible for 13% of deaths globally), tobacco use (9%), high blood glucose (6%), physical inactivity (6%), and overweight and obesity (5%). These risks are responsible for raising the risk of chronic diseases such as heart... Published in 2009, by |
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Global strategy for infant and young child feeding Joint Global Strategy for Infant and Young Child Feeding to revitalize world attention to the impact that feeding practices have on the nutritional status, growth and development, health, and thus the very survival of infants and young children. The document includes an overview of the challenges, the implementation and the responsibilities involved in... Published in 2003, by |
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Guiding Principles for Feeding Infants and Young Children during Emergencies The guiding principles that follow have been prepared to help prevent increased morbidity and mortality; they serve as a basis for action and are intended: —to clarify that optimal practices for feeding infants and young children during emergencies are essentially the same as those that apply in other, more stable conditions; —to inform... Published in 2004, by |
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Guiding principles for feeding non-breastfed children 6-24 months age There are a number of infants who will not enjoy the benefits of breastfeeding. They include children born to HIV-positive mothers, who choose not to breastfeed, and children whose mothers have died. This publication lists nine guiding principles to address the nutritional needs of children who are not breastfed after six months of age. It gives the... Published in 2005, by |
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HIV and Infant Feeding - A Guide for health Care Managers and Supervisors GUIDELINES aimed at health-care managers and supervisors through the process of thinking about and deciding how to organize services. The background to the problem and the organization of the guide are outlined first. The next section describes the need to balance the risk of HIV transmission through breastfeeding against the risk of malnutrition and death... Published in 2003, by |
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HIV and infant feeding counselling tools These tools have been created to help health workers before, during and after a counselling session so that they can better support HIV-positive mothers. Published in 2005, by |
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HIV and Infant Feeding Guidelines for Decision-Makers GUIDELINES for decision-makers highlighting areas of special concern around infant feeding and HIV on which policy decisions need to be made locally. They include a list of key steps and questions to guide decision-makers through the process of thinking and deciding on key issues. They are an update of the 1998 version. Key steps for decision-makers 1.... Published in 2003, by |
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HIV and Infant Feeding. New Evidence and Programmatic Experience The reports coming out of a three-day meeting in October 2006 that aimed to clarify and refine the existing United Nations guidance and provide updated recommendations regarding HIV and infant feeding. The new evidence and research together with technical and programmatic input is described, which finally led to the ‘HIV and Infant Feeding Technical... Published in 2007, by |
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HIV and Infant Feeding: 4 Modules-Pack: 2) A guide for health care managers and supervisors This Guide is intended to assist mid-level health care managers and supervisors to plan and implement appropriate services. The Guide is generic, in recognition of the fact that different countries are at different stages of the HIV/AIDS epidemic and have varying resources available for dealing with it. It focuses specifically on HIV and infant feeding... Published in 1998, by |
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Indicators for assessing breastfeeding practices Report summarizes the discussion and consensus reached on key breastfeeding indicators and specific methodologies for their measurement at the household survey level, following an informal meeting convened by WHO. Key indicators looked at: exclusive breastfeeding; predominant breastfeeding; timely complementary feeding; continued breastfeeding at one and two... Published in 1991, by |
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Indicators for assessing health facility practices that affect breastfeeding Report summarizes the discussion and consensus of an informal meeting on ‘Breastfeeding Indicators for Health Care Facilities’ held by WHO. It includes precise definition for each of the key indicators as well as sample questionnaires for data collection. Published in 1992, by |
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Indicators for assessing infant and young child feeding practices. Conclusions of a consensus meeting held 6-8 November 2007 in Washington, DC. Presents eight core and seven optimal indicators for assessing feeding practices in children 0 to 24 months of age, and includes an update of indicators presented in the WHO/UNICEF document Indicators for assessing breastfeeding practices (1991), as well as important new indicators for assessing feeding practices in children 6 to less than 24 months of age.... Published in 2007, by |
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Infant and Young Child Feeding Counselling - an Integrated Course. Guidelines for Follow-up after training This resource forms a part of a 5-day course that is designed to provide knowledge and skills to lay counsellors, community health workers, primary health care nurses and doctors, clinicians at first referral level and counsellors involved in the Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV. It enables them to counsel and support mothers to carry out... Published in 2006, by |
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Infant and Young Child Feeding in Emergencies - a Joint Statement - Haiti A call for support for appropriate infant and young child feeding and caution about unnecessary and potentially harmful donations and use of breast-milk substitutes. Statement given shortly after the 2010 earthquake in Haiti. Published in 2010, by |
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Infant and Young Child Feeding in Emergencies - a Joint statement - Model A model joint statement on IFE worked upon and agreed by participants at a regional IFE workshop in Bali in March 2008. This version is based on a joint statement issued by WHO, UNICEF and IFRC during the Indonesia earthquake response. It was developed in the interest of emergency preparedness in the region. Published in 2008, by |
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Infant and Young Child Feeding in Emergencies - Media Guide A two page flyer outlining how the media can help protect and support appropriate and safe infant and young child feeding in emergencies. Published in 2006, by |
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Infant and Young Child Feeding in Emergencies: Operational Guidance for Emergency Relief Staff and Programme Managers Operational guidance intended for emergency relief staff and programme managers of all agencies working in emergency programmes, including national governments, UN agencies, NGOs and donors. It applies to emergency situations in all countries, and extends to non-emergency situations. Published in 2007, by |
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Infant and Young Child Feeding. A tool for assessing national practices, policies and programmes This tool is designed to assist countries in (a) summarizing current data with regard to infant and young child feeding practices, (b) assessing the strengths and weaknesses of their policies and programmes to promote, protect and support optimal feeding practices, and (c) determining where improvements may be needed to meet the aims and objectives of the... Published in 2003, by |
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Infant Feeding in Emergencies - policy, strategy and practice A report of the main outputs of an ad-hoc group meeting held in the United Kingdom. While much of the material has been updated in more recent publications, it is still a good background document and has a lot of useful material including the ‘Triage for Decision Making’ that many people find useful. Published in 1999, by |
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Infant Feeding in Emergencies Module 1 This module covers how to feed infants, by breastfeeding and, when necessary, other options. It also addresses existing recommendations and protective policies, and gives guidance on how to provide adequate support for appropriate infant feeding. Module 1 provides an overall introduction to infant feeding in emergencies, and explains why it is an important... Published in 2001, by |
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Infant Feeding in Emergencies Module 2 Version 1.1 Module 2 aims to provide health and nutrition workers with the basic knowledge and skills to help both breastfeeding and artificially feeding women. The first task is to support breastfeeding women, so that they do not lose confidence and introduce artificial feeds unnecessarily. The next task is to identify and help women who have feeding difficulties. The... Published in 2007, by |
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Infant feeding in emergencies: A guide for mothers A 43-page booklet for mothers and caregivers that was born during the war in Bosnia and Herzegovina in 1994, where it was clear many mothers had become so accustomed to bottlefeeding that most women had lost their knowledge on how to breastfeed. While originally developed for emergencies it would be of use to mothers everywhere. Published in 1997, by |
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Infant formula - Generic label A generic label for infant formula Published in 2000, by |
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Innocenti Declaration 2005 on Infant and Young Child Feeding A call for action following 15 years since the Innocenti Declaration on the Protection, Promotion and Support of Breastfeeding and the 2002 Global Strategy for Infant and Young Child Feeding and in order to meet the Millennium Development Goals by 2015. It calls on governments, manufacturers, NGOs, multilateral and bilateral organizations and financial... Published in 2005, by |
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Integrating nutrition and food assistance into HIV care and treatment programmes - DRAFT This operational guidance manual outlines the potential benefits and challenges of incorporating food and nutritional support into anti-retroviral treatment programmes. The purpose is to assist national governments with the planning and implementation of food assistance programmes and to guide national bodies, implementing NGOs as well as WHO and WFP country staff. Published in 2008, by |
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Knowledge Practice and Coverage (KPC) Survey 2000+ : Module 2 on breastfeeding and infant and young child feeding Knowledge Practice and Coverage (KPC) 2000+ aims to assist projects in planning, conducting, and analyzing a KPC survey, it can be adapted to include infants from 0. Module 2 is the specific section on infant and young child feeding with list of questions (from which one can pick and choose), explanations on how to ask questions, list of indicators and how... Published in 2006, by |
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Mother to Mother Support Group Methodology and Infant Feeding The purpose is two-fold: to train community health workers to facilitate infant feeding and mother-to-mother support groups; and to train trainers of community health workers in the methodology for facilitating mother-to-mother support groups related to infant feeding. May be useful to do in a longer-term emergency Published in 2003, by |
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Nutrition and HIV/AIDS: A Training Manual This training course is designed to enable African institutions of higher learning to integrate nutrition and HIV and AIDS into their training programmes. The manual is intended to complement existing materials and curricula, and is targeted at tutors of medical or health sciences, applied human nutrition, dietetics or home economics, and food technology and... Published in 2004, by |
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Nutrition Policy Discussion Paper No 12 - Nutritional Issues in Food Aid In the past, critics of food aid have argued that it encourages dependency, both by undermining incentives to local food production as well as biasing tastes towards imported commodities. However, as we approach the mid-1990s, there is now a growing understanding that -- when managed appropriately - food aid can provide a positive boost to food security, at... Published in 1993, by |
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Nutrition Policy Discussion Paper No 20 - Nutrition and HIV/AIDS This Nutrition Policy Paper is based on the ACC/SCN Symposium on Nutrition and HIV/AIDS held in Nairobi in April 2001. The objective of the symposium was, firstly, to stimulate collaboration between the nutrition and HIV/AIDS communities. The second objective was to examine a broad range of nutrition issues that have a direct bearing on policies and... Published in 2001, by |
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Policy related to the acceptance, distribution and use of milk products in refugee settings Policy document for staff working in emergency settings and especially those involved with food ration planning. Published in 2006, by |
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Protocol for the management of Severe Acute Malnutrition With training materials and a summary wall chart. National guidelines based in recent standard protocols. Suitable for managers and health workers. Published in 2007, by |
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Public Health Guide for Emergencies Building emergency relief skills requires not only technical health training but also education in emergency preparedness and response. This guide is designed to serve as a reference for such training. Published in 2008, by |
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Safe preparation, storage and handling of powdered infant formula Powdered infant formula (PIF) has been associated with serious illness and death in infants due to infections with Enterobacter sakazakii and Salmonella enterica. These guidelines are a generic document that will provide guidance and support for countries and governments. When adapted at the country level, conditions (e.g., climatic and socioeconomic... Published in 2007, by |
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The optimal duration of exclusive breastfeeding: a systematic review This document summaries and reviews studies comparing the effects of exclusive breastfeeding for six months versus exclusive breastfeeding for three to four months on child health, growth and development, and on maternal health. Published in 2001, by |
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Tool Kit for Monitoring and Evaluating Breastfeeding Practices and Programs The purpose of this toolkit is to provide program managers with practical methods to facilitate the monitoring and evaluation of breastfeeding practices and to help them assess breastfeeding programs and practices. Sample questionnaires are provided and illustrations given of the minimal questions required for various program purposes Published in 1996, by |
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Toolkit for addressing nutrition in emergency situations The toolkit is intended as an easy-to-use field guide that outlines the key basic interventions for nutritional support to individuals and groups during an emergency situation. In most emergencies, we focus on two key aspects: risk assessment and risk management. This toolkit focuses on risk management. What it takes to ensure that emergency needs are met... Published in 2008, by |
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Transmisión del VIH a través de la lactancia: Revisión de los conocimientos actuales La meta final de la investigación es prevenir la transmisión de la madre al hijo con una combinación de regímenes cortos de profilaxis antirretroviral con vacunación. Por lo tanto, la investigación planea incluir el desarrollo de protocolos de ensayos aleatorios para poner a prueba vacunas para prevenir la infección durante la lactancia. En estos... Published in 2004, by |
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VIH y Alimentación Infantil: Actualización Este documento tiene por objeto proporcionar la lista completa de recomendaciones actualizadas y una explicación de los puntos clave. La información está destinada a los jefes de programas y tomadores de decisiones, como así también a aquellos que estarán a cargo de revisar las pautas nacionales sobre la prevención de la transmisión del VIH de la... Published in 2008, by |