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Theme: HTP module 17

Behaviour Change Communication in Emergencies

Provides the means to prepare, plan, implement and monitor behaviour change communication initiatives supporting health, hygiene and child protection efforts in emergencies, including IFE issues. For programme managers from UNICEF, United Nations agencies, NGO partners and government personnel.

Published in 2006, by UNICEF Regional Office of South Asia

Breastfeeding Counselling: A Training Course

Designed to provide health workers with the clinical and interpersonal skills needed to support mothers and their children to breastfeed optimally. It includes guides for the course director and trainers, a participant’s manual, a booklet with overhead figures, a slide book and annexes. The materials are designed to make it possible for trainers even with...

Published in 1993, by WHO, UNICEF

Facts for Feeding - Birth, Initiation of Breastfeeding, and the First Seven Days after Birth

Identifies actions health care providers can take during the first week postpartum to help the mother and baby establish and maintain good breastfeeding practices.

Published in 2003, by LINKAGES

Facts for Feeding - Breastmilk: A Critical Source of Vitamin A for Infants and Young Children

Recommends national, community, and household level practices to improve vitamin A status of infants, young children, and pregnant and lactating women.

Published in 2001, by LINKAGES

Facts for Feeding - Guidelines for Appropriate Complementary Feeding of Breastfed Children 6-24 month of age

Provides feeding guidelines for children 6 to 24 months of age

Published in 2004, by LINKAGES, SARA

Facts for Feeding - Recommended Practices to Improve Infant Nutrition during the First Six Months

Provides infant feeding guidelines for the first six months of life. Provides guidelines for activities appropriate to local conditions.

Published in 2004, by LINKAGES

FAQ - Breastfeeding and HIV/AIDS

Reviews the latest information on the transmission of HIV via breastfeeding and provides programmatic guidance for field activities.

Published in 2004, by LINKAGES

FAQ - Breastfeeding and Maternal Nutrition

Focuses on the impact of maternal nutrition on breastmilk quantity and quality, the nutritional requirements of lactating women, the impact of breastfeeding on maternal health, and implications of this information for programs.

Published in 2004, by LINKAGES

FAQ - Exclusive Breastfeeding: The Only Water Source Young Infants Need

Discusses the nutritional and health consequences of giving infants water during the first six months, and the role of breastfeeding in meeting an infant’s water requirements

Published in 2004, by LINKAGES

FAQ - Lactational Amenorrhea Method

Focuses on LAM as a modern, temporary family planning method for women who breastfeed, and is addressed to the child survival and family planning health care providers.

Published in 2001, by LINKAGES

FAQ - Mother to Mother Support for Breastfeeding

Focuses on a support group method where experienced breastfeeding mothers model optimal breastfeeding practices, share information and experiences, and offer support to other women in an atmosphere of trust and respect

Published in 2004, by LINKAGES

Global strategy for infant and young child feeding

Joint Global Strategy for Infant and Young Child Feeding to revitalize world attention to the impact that feeding practices have on the nutritional status, growth and development, health, and thus the very survival of infants and young children. The document includes an overview of the challenges, the implementation and the responsibilities involved in...

Published in 2003, by WHO, UNICEF

Guidance on Infant feeding and HIV in the context of refugees and displaced populations

The purpose of this Guidance is to provide an overview of the current technical and programmatic consensus on infant feeding and HIV, and give guidance to facilitate effective implementation of HIV and infant feeding programmes in refugee and displaced situations, in emergency contexts, and as an integral element of coordinated approach to public health, HIV...

Published in 2008, by UNHCR

Guiding Principles for Complementary Feeding of the Breastfed Child

These guidelines can be used as the basis for developing recommendations on complementary feeding for breastfed children 6-23 months of age. The guiding principles not only set standards for practical dietary guidelines, they also discuss when, where and how young children should be fed. The guidelines are a result of several consultations and documents on...

Published in 2001, by WHO, PAHO

Guiding Principles for Feeding Infants and Young Children during Emergencies

The guiding principles that follow have been prepared to help prevent increased morbidity and mortality; they serve as a basis for action and are intended: —to clarify that optimal practices for feeding infants and young children during emergencies are essentially the same as those that apply in other, more stable conditions; —to inform...

Published in 2004, by WHO

Guiding principles for feeding non-breastfed children 6-24 months age

There are a number of infants who will not enjoy the benefits of breastfeeding. They include children born to HIV-positive mothers, who choose not to breastfeed, and children whose mothers have died. This publication lists nine guiding principles to address the nutritional needs of children who are not breastfed after six months of age. It gives the...

Published in 2005, by WHO

HIV and infant feeding counselling tools

These tools have been created to help health workers before, during and after a counselling session so that they can better support HIV-positive mothers.

Published in 2005, by Elizabeth Thomas, Ellen G Piwoz, WHO, UNICEF, USAID

HIV and Infant Feeding Technical Consultation - Consensus Statement

This statement summarizes the information considered in the tecnical consultation, and lists the recommendations from the consultation, which should be considered along with the October 2000 recommendations regarding HIV and infant feeding.

Published in 2006, by WHO

HIV and Infant Feeding. New Evidence and Programmatic Experience

The reports coming out of a three-day meeting in October 2006 that aimed to clarify and refine the existing United Nations guidance and provide updated recommendations regarding HIV and infant feeding. The new evidence and research together with technical and programmatic input is described, which finally led to the ‘HIV and Infant Feeding Technical...

Published in 2007, by WHO, UNICEF, UNAIDS, UNFPA

HIV and Infant Feeding: Update

This document provides the full list of updated HIV and infant feeding recommendations, and an explanation of key points. This information is aimed at programme managers and decision makers, and those who will be in charge of revising national guidelines on the prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) of HIV, and infant and young child feeding.

Published in 2007, by WHO, UNICEF, UNAIDS, UNFPA

Indicators for assessing breastfeeding practices

Report summarizes the discussion and consensus reached on key breastfeeding indicators and specific methodologies for their measurement at the household survey level, following an informal meeting convened by WHO. Key indicators looked at: exclusive breastfeeding; predominant breastfeeding; timely complementary feeding; continued breastfeeding at one and two...

Published in 1991, by WHO

Indicators for assessing health facility practices that affect breastfeeding

Report summarizes the discussion and consensus of an informal meeting on ‘Breastfeeding Indicators for Health Care Facilities’ held by WHO. It includes precise definition for each of the key indicators as well as sample questionnaires for data collection.

Published in 1992, by WHO, UNICEF

Indicators for assessing infant and young child feeding practices. Conclusions of a consensus meeting held 6-8 November 2007 in Washington, DC.

Presents eight core and seven optimal indicators for assessing feeding practices in children 0 to 24 months of age, and includes an update of indicators presented in the WHO/UNICEF document Indicators for assessing breastfeeding practices (1991), as well as important new indicators for assessing feeding practices in children 6 to less than 24 months of age....

Published in 2007, by WHO

Infant and Young Child Feeding Counselling - an Integrated Course. Guidelines for Follow-up after training

This resource forms a part of a 5-day course that is designed to provide knowledge and skills to lay counsellors, community health workers, primary health care nurses and doctors, clinicians at first referral level and counsellors involved in the Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV. It enables them to counsel and support mothers to carry out...

Published in 2006, by WHO, UNICEF

Infant and Young Child Feeding in Emergencies - a Joint Statement - Haiti

A call for support for appropriate infant and young child feeding and caution about unnecessary and potentially harmful donations and use of breast-milk substitutes. Statement given shortly after the 2010 earthquake in Haiti.

Published in 2010, by WHO, UNICEF, WFP

Infant and Young Child Feeding in Emergencies - a Joint statement - Model

A model joint statement on IFE worked upon and agreed by participants at a regional IFE workshop in Bali in March 2008. This version is based on a joint statement issued by WHO, UNICEF and IFRC during the Indonesia earthquake response. It was developed in the interest of emergency preparedness in the region.

Published in 2008, by IFE Core Group

Infant and Young Child Feeding in Emergencies - Media Guide

A two page flyer outlining how the media can help protect and support appropriate and safe infant and young child feeding in emergencies.

Published in 2006, by IFE Core Group

Infant and Young Child Feeding in Emergencies. A generic policy

This is an example of an IFE policy based on the operational guidance (2007) for agencies and organizations to endorse or adapt.

Published in 2007, by Infant and Young Child Feeding in Emergencies Core Group

Infant and Young Child Feeding in Emergencies: Operational Guidance for Emergency Relief Staff and Programme Managers

Operational guidance intended for emergency relief staff and programme managers of all agencies working in emergency programmes, including national governments, UN agencies, NGOs and donors. It applies to emergency situations in all countries, and extends to non-emergency situations.

Published in 2007, by Emergency Nutrition Network

Infant and Young Child Feeding. A tool for assessing national practices, policies and programmes

This tool is designed to assist countries in (a) summarizing current data with regard to infant and young child feeding practices, (b) assessing the strengths and weaknesses of their policies and programmes to promote, protect and support optimal feeding practices, and (c) determining where improvements may be needed to meet the aims and objectives of the...

Published in 2003, by WHO, LINKAGES

Infant Feeding in Emergencies - policy, strategy and practice

A report of the main outputs of an ad-hoc group meeting held in the United Kingdom. While much of the material has been updated in more recent publications, it is still a good background document and has a lot of useful material including the ‘Triage for Decision Making’ that many people find useful.

Published in 1999, by Infant Feeding in Emergencies Group

Infant Feeding in Emergencies Module 1

This module covers how to feed infants, by breastfeeding and, when necessary, other options. It also addresses existing recommendations and protective policies, and gives guidance on how to provide adequate support for appropriate infant feeding. Module 1 provides an overall introduction to infant feeding in emergencies, and explains why it is an important...

Published in 2001, by ENN, WHO, UNICEF, LINKAGES, IBFAN

Infant Feeding in Emergencies Module 2 Version 1.1

Module 2 aims to provide health and nutrition workers with the basic knowledge and skills to help both breastfeeding and artificially feeding women. The first task is to support breastfeeding women, so that they do not lose confidence and introduce artificial feeds unnecessarily. The next task is to identify and help women who have feeding difficulties. The...

Published in 2007, by ENN, IBFAN-GIFA, Fondation Terre des hommes, Action Contre la Faim, CARE USA, LINKAGES, UNICEF, UNHCR, WHO

Infant feeding in emergencies: A guide for mothers

A 43-page booklet for mothers and caregivers that was born during the war in Bosnia and Herzegovina in 1994, where it was clear many mothers had become so accustomed to bottlefeeding that most women had lost their knowledge on how to breastfeed. While originally developed for emergencies it would be of use to mothers everywhere.

Published in 1997, by WHO Regional Office of Europe

Infant formula - Generic label

A generic label for infant formula

Published in 2000, by Emergency Nutrition Network

Initial Rapid Assessment (IRA) Toolkit

An assessment tool that is being developed to be used in rapid onset emergencies in the first 72 hours.

Published in 2007, by IASC

Innocenti Declaration 2005 on Infant and Young Child Feeding

A call for action following 15 years since the Innocenti Declaration on the Protection, Promotion and Support of Breastfeeding and the 2002 Global Strategy for Infant and Young Child Feeding and in order to meet the Millennium Development Goals by 2015. It calls on governments, manufacturers, NGOs, multilateral and bilateral organizations and financial...

Published in 2005, by UNICEF

International Code of marketing Breast-Milk Substitutes

INTERNATIONAL CODE affirming the right of every child and every pregnant and lactating woman to be adequately nourished, as a means of attaining and maintaining health. It lays out recommendations for action in 11 Articles.

Published in 1981, by WHO

Knowledge Practice and Coverage (KPC) Survey 2000+ : Module 2 on breastfeeding and infant and young child feeding

Knowledge Practice and Coverage (KPC) 2000+ aims to assist projects in planning, conducting, and analyzing a KPC survey, it can be adapted to include infants from 0. Module 2 is the specific section on infant and young child feeding with list of questions (from which one can pick and choose), explanations on how to ask questions, list of indicators and how...

Published in 2006, by USAID

Mother to Mother Support Group Methodology and Infant Feeding

The purpose is two-fold: to train community health workers to facilitate infant feeding and mother-to-mother support groups; and to train trainers of community health workers in the methodology for facilitating mother-to-mother support groups related to infant feeding. May be useful to do in a longer-term emergency

Published in 2003, by LINKAGES

Relactation: Review of Experiences and Recommendations for Practice

Often re-lactation is considered as an exceptional experience. However, evidence shows that most women can relactate if they are motivated and have adequate information and support. This review documents experiences and provides practical guidelines for health workers caring for women and children to assist mothers to relactate.

Published in 1998, by WHO

Safe preparation, storage and handling of powdered infant formula

Powdered infant formula (PIF) has been associated with serious illness and death in infants due to infections with Enterobacter sakazakii and Salmonella enterica. These guidelines are a generic document that will provide guidance and support for countries and governments. When adapted at the country level, conditions (e.g., climatic and socioeconomic...

Published in 2007, by WHO, FAO

The optimal duration of exclusive breastfeeding: a systematic review

This document summaries and reviews studies comparing the effects of exclusive breastfeeding for six months versus exclusive breastfeeding for three to four months on child health, growth and development, and on maternal health.

Published in 2001, by Michael S. Kramer, Risuka Kakuma

Tool Kit for Monitoring and Evaluating Breastfeeding Practices and Programs

The purpose of this toolkit is to provide program managers with practical methods to facilitate the monitoring and evaluation of breastfeeding practices and to help them assess breastfeeding programs and practices. Sample questionnaires are provided and illustrations given of the minimal questions required for various program purposes

Published in 1996, by Wellstart, USAID

Toolkit for addressing nutrition in emergency situations

The toolkit is intended as an easy-to-use field guide that outlines the key basic interventions for nutritional support to individuals and groups during an emergency situation. In most emergencies, we focus on two key aspects: risk assessment and risk management. This toolkit focuses on risk management. What it takes to ensure that emergency needs are met...

Published in 2008, by IASC

UNHCR policy related to the acceptance, distribution and use of milk products in refugee settings

This policy aims to assist and guide the use of milk products in refugee settings. Indiscriminate distribution and use of milk products in refugee settings poses a significant risk of increased morbidity and mortality to infants and young children through the negative impact on infant feeding practices. Milk products, including DSM, Dried Whole Milk (DWM)...

Published in 2006, by UNHCR

WHO HIV Consensus Statement on Infant Feeding

Researchers, programme implementers, infant feeding experts and representatives of the IATT, UN agencies, the WHO Regional Office for Africa and six WHO headquarters departments gathered in Geneva in order to review the substantial body of new evidence and experience regarding HIV and infant feeding that has been accumulating since a previous technical...

Published in 2006, by WHO

Why infant formula causes deaths due to diarrhoea in emergencies

Explains the causes of diarrhoea, how breastfeeding prevents diarrhoea and how infant formula makes infants vulnerable to diarrhoea and the risks during emergencies.

Published in 2007, by Karleen Gribble